Acute and Critical Care

Erratum

Major Obstacles to Implement a Full-Time Intensivist in Korean Adult ICUs: a Questionnaire Survey: Jun Wan Lee, Jae Young Moon, Seok Wha Youn, Yong Sup Shin, Sang Il Park, Dong Chan Kim, Younsuk Koh; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2016;31(3):262-262. Published online August 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.31.2.111.e01; Corrects: Acute Crit Care 2016;31(2):111

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Challenges experienced by health care professionals working in resource-poor intensive care settings in the Limpopo province of South Africa
Hulisani Malelelo-Ndou, Dorah U. Ramathuba, Khathutshelo G. Netshisaulu
Curationis.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Policy
Major Obstacles to Implement a Full-Time Intensivist in Korean Adult ICUs: a Questionnaire Survey: Jun Wan Lee, Jae Young Moon, Seok Wha Youn, Yong Sup Shin, Sang Il Park, Dong Chan Kim, Younsuk Koh; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2016;31(2):111-117. Published online May 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.31.2.111; Correction in: Acute Crit Care 2016;31(3):262

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Abstract PDF

Background:
Critical care physician staffing is a crucial element of the intensive care unit (ICU) organization, and is associated with better outcomes in ICUs. Adult ICUs in Korea have been suffering from inadequate full-time intensivists and nurses because of insufficient reimbursement rates (<50% of the original critical care cost) from the National Health Insurance System. Recently, full-time intensivists have been introduced as a prerequisite for adult ICUs of tertiary hospitals in Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of intensivist staffing among critical care program directors regarding the barriers and solutions when implementing an intensivist model of critical care in Korea.
Methods
An email survey of critical care program directors in designated teaching hospitals for critical care subspecialty training by the Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine was performed. The survey domains included vision, culture, resources, barriers, and potential solutions to implementing intensivist physician staffing (IPS).
Results
Forty-two critical care program directors were surveyed. A total of 28 directors (66.7%) responded to email queries. Of these, 27 directors (96.4%) agreed that IPS would improve the quality of care in the ICU, although half of them reported a negative perception of relevant clinical colleagues for the role of full-time intensivists and poor resources for IPS in their hospitals. Increased financial burden due to hiring full-time intensivists and concerns regarding exclusion from the management of their critically ill patients in the ICU, together with loss of income for primary attending physicians were stated by the respondents to be major barriers to implementing IPS. Financial incentives for the required cost from the health insurance system and enhancement of medical law relevant to critical care were regarded as solutions to these issues.
Conclusions
Critical care program directors believe that intensivist-led critical care can improve the outcome of ICUs. They indicated the financial burden due to IPS and underestimation of a full-time intensivist’s role to be major barriers. The program directors agreed that a partnership between hospital leaders and the Ministry of Health and Welfare was needed to overcome these barriers.

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Incidence and Mortality Trends in Critically Ill Children: A Korean Population-Based Study
Jaeyoung Choi, Esther Park, Ah Young Choi, Meong Hi Son, Joongbum Cho
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Willingness to pay for family education and counselling services provided by critical care advanced practice nurses
Chung Mee Ko, Chin Kang Koh, Sangho Kwon
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Intensivist as a Surgeon: The Role of a Surgeon in Critical Care Medicine
Kyung Sook Hong
The Ewha Medical Journal.2017; 40(2): 61. CrossRef

Pulmonary
The Usefulness of Intensivist-Performed Bedside Drainage of Pleural Effusion via Ultrasound-Guided Pigtail Catheter: Joo Won Min, Joon Young Ohm, Byung Seok Shin, Jun Wan Lee, Sang Il Park, Seok Hwa Yoon, Yong Sup Shin, Dong Il Park, Chaeuk Chung, Jae Young Moon; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2014;29(3):177-182. Published online August 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2014.29.3.177

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
There has been little data reporting the usefulness of intensivist-performed bedside drainage of pleural effusion via ultrasound (US)-guided pigtail catheter. The objective of this study is to clarify the usefulness and safety of these methods in comparison with radiologist-performed procedures.
METHODS
Data of patients with pleural effusion treated with US-guided pigtail catheter drainage were analyzed. All procedures were performed from September 2012 to September. 2013 by a well-trained intensivist or radiologist.
RESULTS
Pleural effusion was drained in 25 patients in 33 sessions. A radiologist performed 21 sessions, and an intensivist performed 12 sessions. Procedures during mechanical ventilation were performed in 15 (71.4%) patients by a radiologist and in 10 (83.3%) by an intensivist (p = 0.678). The success rate was not significantly different in radiologist- and intensivist-performed procedures, 95.2% (20/21) and 83.3% (10/12), respectively (p = 0.538). The average duration for procedures (including in-hospital transfer) was longer in radiologist-performed cases (p = 0.001). Although the results are limited because of the small population size, aggravation of oxygenation, CO2 retention, and decrease of mean arterial blood pressure were not statistically different in the groups. Pigtail-associated complications including hemothorax, pneumothorax, hepatic perforation, empyema, kink in the catheter, and subcutaneous hematoma were not found.
CONCLUSIONS
Intensivist-performed bedside drainage of pleural effusion via ultrasound (US)-guided pigtail catheter is useful and safe and may be recommended in some patients in an intensive care unit.

Review

The End-of-Life Care in the Intensive Care Unit: Jae Young Moon, Yong Sup Shin; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2013;28(3):163-172.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2013.28.3.163

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Abstract PDF

The intensive care units (ICUs) provide the best possible medical care to help critically ill patients survive acute threats to their lives. At the same time, the ICU is also the most common place to die. Thus the ICU clinicians should be competent in all aspects for end-of-life (EOL) care. The quality of EOL care in Korean ICUs do not ensure ICU patient's autonomy and dignity at their end-of-life. For examples, several studies present that do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are only initiated when the patient's death in imminent. To improve understanding EOL care of terminally ill patients, we summarize 'Recommendations for EOL care in the ICU by the American College of Critical Care Medicine' and 'Consensus guidelines to withdrawing life-sustaining therapies endorsed by Korean Academy of Medical Science'. EOL care will be emerging as a comprehensive area of expertise in Korean ICUs. The ICU clinicians must strive to find the barriers for EOL care in the ICU and develop their processes to improve the care of EOL.

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A Scoping Review of End-Of-Life Care Education Programs for Critical Care Nurses
Eugene HAN, Sumi CHOI, Ki Young YUN, Sung Ha KIM, Sanghee KIM, Hye Young YUN
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Relationship of ICU Nurses' Difficulties in End-of-Life Care to Moral Distress, Burnout and Job Satisfaction
Kkot Bi Jeon, Mihyun Park
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Difficulties in End-of-Life Care and Educational Needs of Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Mixed Methods Study
Hyun Sook Kim, Eun Kyoung Choi, Tae Hee Kim, Hye Young Yun, Eun Ji Kim, Jin Ju Hong, Jeong A Hong, Geon Ah Kim, R.N. Sung Ha Kim
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2019; 22(2): 87. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Performance of End-of-life Care by ICU Nurses
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Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 327. CrossRef
Development of an Electronic Document for DNR Informed Consent based on the Electronic Medical Record System
Ji-Kyeong Park
The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(3): 99. CrossRef
Evaluation of Informed Consent for Withholding and Withdrawal of Life Support in Korean Intensive Care Units
Jin Ha Park, Shin Ok Koh, Jin Sun Cho, Sungwon Na
The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2015; 30(2): 73. CrossRef
Application of Animation Mobile Electronic Informed Consent in Inpatient of Long-term Care Hospital: Focused on DNR Informed Consent
Ji-Kyeong Park, Ji-On Kim
Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(11): 187. CrossRef

Original Article

The Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on the Reactivity of Isolated Rat Trachea with or without Epithelium: Hyo Chul Shin, Yoon Hee Kim, Dong Sik Hur, Seok Hwa Yoon, Yong Sup Shin, Sae Jin Choi; Korean J Crit Care Med. 1998;13(1):25-32.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGOUND: Gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces increase in the production of nitric oxide (NO), or a related substance derived from L-arginine in the animal tissue. Recent evidence indicates that airway epithelium may secrete NO or a related compound. It has multiple regulatory roles in the airways. In vitro, the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the reactivity of rat' tracheal wall with or without epithelium were examined.
METHODS
Tracheas were removed from Sprague Dawley rats. Preparations were mounted for isometric recording in 20ml organ baths at 37degrees C containing Tis-buffered Tyrode solution continuously gassed with 100% O2. Tensions were measured with force displacement transducers and responses were recorded on a polygraph. Cummulative concentration-response curves were constructed for acetylcholine (Ach) in the tracheal strips with or without preincubation of Escherichia coli LPS (100 mcg/ml, 5hrs). And then effects of NO synthase inhibitors and removal of epithelium were examined.
RESULTS
In isolated perfused tracheas preincubated by LPS, both removed epithelium and intact epithelium of rat tracheal rings showed decreased Ach-induced contraction. In intact epithelium group, 10 (-5)M L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), 10 (-5)M L-arginine or dexamethasone pretreatment was restored in Ach-induced contraction response. But in the removed epithelium group, Ach-induced contraction was potentiated by L-arginine pretreatment and was not restored by the pretreatment of L-NAME and dexamethasone.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that nitric oxide synthase is induced by endotoxin in the tracheal epithelium, resulting in inhibition of the contractile response.

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